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The impact of financial technology, or FinTech, has been profound since the global financial crisis of 2007-2009. In response to this event, governments worldwide made significant moves to loosen regulations that had previously tightly confined banks' grip on numerous facets of payments and broader financial services.
Post-crisis reforms such as the Payment Services Directive PSD and Electronic Money Directive EMD in Europe significantly facilitated new entrants in FinTech. These regulations broke down barriers that had once protected incumbents, allowing technology-driven firms with little to no banking license to enter the market. This led to two major developments: digital-only banks challenging traditional banking giants directly, and niche operators offering specialized services.
Many of these newcomers did not succeed at replacing established banks with full-scale digital equivalents; however, they adapted by seeking collaboration rather than outright competition. FinTechs realized that competing head-to-head with incumbents was unrealistic and instead partnered with them by providing access to platforms and other services that the latter could execute more efficiently through state-of-the-art technology. Some of these firms were also acquired by banks, thereby integrating FinTech innovations into existing products and services.
Over time, this scenario has been accompanied by an influx of new businessand terminologies that have now become part of the industry's mnstream lexicon.
Open banking emerged as a game-changer enabled largely by PSD2 Payment Services Directive 2 and EMD in Europe. The legislation required banks to share customer data upon consent through application programming interfaces APIs. This data sharing opened up opportunities for innovation, particularly around payments services and personal financial management tools. As regulators encouraged open banking practices globally, FinTechs seized these opportunities.
The concept of open banking led to the development of furtherlike banking-as-a-service BaaS and payments-as-a-service PaaS. These allowed non-bank entities to offer white-labeled banking or payment services integrated into their platforms and apps. The phenomenon of embedded finance, for instance, refers to the integration of these services-such as account management, payments capabilities, and buy-now-pay-later options-into digital platforms outside traditional banking.
The role of in shaping financial markets has been significant, influencing everything from investment strategies to risk management. As FinTech investments have slowed since the beginning of 2022 following an uptick in interest rates, they are now experiencing a challenging financing landscape. In 2023, for instance, total venture capital VC funding for FinTech was recorded at $34.6 billion-a decline of -43.8 compared to the previous year. The direction of investment has shifted towards business-to-business transactions, representing around 72 of total VC in FinTech as opposed to just over 40 in 2019.
This tr is observed across several key sectors within FinTech-most notably payments, alternative ling, capital markets, and credit services. Pitchbook highlights new opportunities driven by generativecapabilities, real-time payment solutions, and the open banking ecosystem.
Nonetheless, despite the less favorable financial environment for innovation, the FinTech revolution shows no signs of slowing down. Innovations such as Square transforming small business payments have set high standards for digital banking experiences that cannot be reverted to outdated technology or methodologies. The question now is whether incumbent banks should invest heavily in mimicking these successful innovations internally-or whether collaboration with FinTech partners could offer a more efficient solution.
Intuition Know-How offers several tutorials aligned with the content of :
Information Technology in Business
IT Systems Architecture
APIs
FinTech – An Introduction
Digital Banking – An Introduction
Open Banking Open Finance
BaaS BaaP
Embedded Finance
PSD2 Open Banking
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Post Crisis Financial Technology Regulation Digital Banking and Open Banking Integration AI in Shaping Financial Markets FinTech Challenges in 2023 Financing Embedded Finance Opportunities Explored BaaS and PaaS Models Revolutionizing Industry